6/19/2023 0 Comments Realtimes activateNumerous medications are synthesized and available in the worldwide market as standard diabetes treatment. Moreover, T2DM contributes to various clinical consequences, including cardiovascular diseases and renal insufficiencies, which adversely affect the quality of life through societal expenses. Currently, T2DM accounts for about 90% of diabetes cases, and its incidence has substantially grown more than anticipated, especially in young individuals. It is defined by increased glycemia caused by insulin-resistance and β-cell dysfunction, along with related insulin insufficiency. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a biochemical and hormonal disease that already causing a global crisis. Overall, active constituents present in methanolic and total extracts of PCS are appropriate anti-diabetic agents and explain the use of these PSC fruits in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. These could be at least in part due to re-activating AKT and AMPK signaling pathways and also increased expression of INSR, GLUT1, and GLUT4. Ultimately, our results shed new light on methanolic and total PSC-FEs as sources of potential anti-diabetic medications, restoring glucose consumption and uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Also, GLUT 1, GLUT 4, and INSR were elevated by both methanolic and total extracts. Moreover, AKT and AMPK phosphorylation were significantly increased by the high strength of methanolic extract, while total extract raised AMPK activation at low and high concentrations. We found that high concentrations of methanolic and both low and high concentrations of total extracts were able to enhance glucose uptake in an insulin-resistant cell line model. ![]() ![]() AKT and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway activation and mRNA expression levels of insulin receptor (INSR), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and glucose transporters 4 (GLUT4) were determined by western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. The potential of non-toxic extracts on glucose utilization in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells was checked using a glucose oxidase assay. The effects of methanolic, chloroform and total extracts on cell proliferation were assessed by the MTT assay. Here, we investigated the effects of various PSC fruit extracts (PSC-FEs) on glucose consumption and some key mediators of insulin signaling pathways in high glucose and high insulin-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. (PSC) fruit is frequently used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Mediterranean regions.
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